if statements:

fn main() {
    var x: i32 = 10;

    if x > 5 {
        std::print("x is greater than 5");
    } else if x == 5 {
        std::print("x is equal to 5");
    } else {
        std::print("x is less than 5");
    }
}

for loops (range based):

fn main() {
    for i in 0..10 {
        std::print(f"i: {i}");
    }

    // with type
    for i: i32 in 0..10 {
        std::print(f"i: {i}");
    }

    var arr = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5];
    for item in arr {
        std::print(f"item: {item}");
    }

    for item: i32 in arr {
        std::print(f"item: {item}");
    }
}

for loops (traditional):

fn main() {
    for (var i: i32 = 0; i < 10; ++i) {
        std::print(f"i: {i}");
    }
}

while loops:

fn main() {
    var i: i32 = 0;
    while (i < 10) {
        std::print(f"i: {i}");
        ++i;
    }
}

switch statements:

enum Color {
    Red,
    Green,
    Blue,
}

fn main() {
    var c: Color = Color::Green;

    // with fallthrough
    switch (c) {
        case Color::Red:
            std::print("Color is Red");
        case Color::Green: /// this may need : { ... } i forgot how i implemented it
            std::print("Color is Green");
            break;
        case Color::Blue:
            std::print("Color is Blue");
            break;
        default:
            std::print("Unknown Color");
    }

    // implicit break version
    switch (c) {
        case Color::Red {
            std::print("Color is Red");
        }
        case Color::Green {
            std::print("Color is Green");
        }
        case Color::Blue {
            std::print("Color is Blue");
        }
        default {
            std::print("Unknown Color");
        }
    }
}

function definitions and calls:

fn add(a: i32, b: i32) -> i32 {
    return a + b;
}

fn main() {
    var result: i32 = add(5, 10);
    std::print(f"Result: {result}");
}

variable declarations and types:

fn main() {
    var x: i32 = 10;          // integer
    var y: f64 = 20.5;       // floating-point
    var name: string = "Kairo"; // string
    var is_valid: bool = true; // boolean

    type unsigned_i32 = u32; // type alias
    var uid: unsigned_i32 = 100;

    std::print(f"x: {x}, y: {y}, name: {name}, is_valid: {is_valid}");
}

generics:

fn <T> swap(a: T, b: T) -> (T, T) {
    return (b, a);
}

fn main() {
    var res = swap(10, 20);
    var a = libcxx::get::<0>(res);
    var b = libcxx::get::<1>(res);
    std::print(f"a: {a}, b: {b}");

    var res_str = swap("Hello", "World");
    var str1 = libcxx::get::<0>(res_str);
    var str2 = libcxx::get::<1>(res_str);
    std::print(f"str1: {str1}, str2: {str2}");
}

interface PrintableInterface {
    fn op as (self) -> string;
}

// kairo also supports impl and clauses
fn <T impl PrintableInterface> print_value(value: T) {
    std::print(f"Value: {value}");
}

/// or you can do
fn <T> print_value(value: T) requires T impl PrintableInterface {
    std::print(f"Value: {value}");
}